Description:
consort of the Xianfeng emperor (reigned 1850-61), mother of the Tongzhi emperor (reigned 1861-75), adoptive mother of the Guangxu emperor (reigned 1875-1908), and a towering presence over the Chinese empire for almost half a century. Ruling through a clique of conservative, corrupt officials and maintaining authority over the Manchu imperial house (Qing dynasty, 1644-1911/12), she became one of the most powerful women in the history of China.
Wade-Giles romanization Tz'u-hsi also called Xiaoqin , or Xianhuanghou byname Empress Dowager, born November 29, 1835, Beijing, China
died November 15, 1908, Beijing.